Asia Pacific University Library catalogue

A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Masters in Business Administration specializing in Euro Asia Business (UCMF1808EAMBA)

This study examined the differences in leadership orientations on employee job performance in the context of Bolman and Deal’s four-frame leadership theory. This study also highlighted the concern on older workers in terms of their performance, and whether there are any differences with the younger generation. Information for the study was gathered through self-administered questionnaire and administered through non-probability convenience sampling method. A total of 180 completed and usable questionnaires have been gathered up amongst working adults in Jakarta. The findings revealed that different variables yielded different influences for leadership orientations and job performance in terms of gender, age, marital status, job position, and length of work. Those supervisors, younger generation, and 11-15 years length of work show most influence on job performance. In four-frame leadership types, Symbolic Frame has the most significant influence for job performance, compared with Political Frame that has the lightest influences. The regression analysis shows that Structural Frame and Symbolic Frame are the predictors for job performance amongst working adults in Jakarta. This study is important to assist potential leaders to adapt better with Jakarta’s working condition, which can improve not only employee job performance, but also resulted in higher output. It is also vital for leaders to realise how to increase and maintain good job performance by acknowledging the importance of having different leadership type, and at the same time, could help organisations to choose the right leaders or managers that can lead them toward further development and success.